In this white paper, we take an in-depth look at the principles underlying the 3D Topography Module method. How roughness affects the contact angle and especially Wenzel theory used for roughness corrected contact angles is discussed. We also highlight applications and samples that are feasible for this method.
[Figure] Definition of different types of contact angles; (a) Contact angle on an ideal surface is called the Young’s contact angle (b) Apparent or measured contact angle on a real surface with an inherent roughness .