
White paper
Surface free energy - what is it and how to measure it?
Precise characterization of solid material surfaces plays a vital role in research and product development in many industrial and academic areas. Wettability of the surface is important in processes like painting and printing and has been utilized in the study of biomaterial – cell interactions to name a few. Wettability can be studied by measuring contact angle of the substrate with a given liquid.
This white paper explains the concept of surface free energy and presents the most important theories behind it.

In this white paper:
- Introduction to surface free energy theories
- Comparison of the theories
- Practical calculation examples
- Comprehensive list of references to continue learning